#cb562{--cb-ink:#082764;--cb-muted:#64748b;--cb-border:#d4dfec;--cb-paper:#fff;--cb-soft:#f3f7fc;--cb-blue:#0865ff;color:var(--cb-ink);font:14px/1.6 Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif}#cb562 *{box-sizing:border-box}#cb562 [hidden]{display:none!important}#cb562 h2{font:700 18px/1.4 Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0 0 12px}#cb562 h3{font:700 15px/1.5 Arial;margin:0 0 10px}#cb562 p{margin:0 0 12px}#cb562 button,#cb562 input{font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif}#cb562 button{cursor:pointer}#cb562 :is(button,a,summary,input,[tabindex]):focus-visible{outline:2px solid #19c2c4;outline-offset:3px}#cb562 a{color:var(--cb-blue);text-decoration:none}#cb562 a:hover{text-decoration:underline}#cb562 button:disabled{opacity:.55;cursor:default}#cb562 .cb-intro{font-size:16px;color:var(--cb-muted);margin-bottom:23px}#cb562 .cb-notice{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:18px;padding:12px 18px;border:1px solid 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var(--cb-border);border-radius:4px;min-width:0;background:var(--cb-paper)}#cb562 .cb-heading{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:12px;margin-bottom:12px}#cb562 .cb-heading h2{margin:0}#cb562 .cb-reset{border:0;background:transparent;color:var(--cb-blue);font-size:12px;min-height:30px;padding:4px}#cb562 .cb-mode{display:flex;margin:0 0 14px}#cb562 .cb-mode button{flex:1;min-height:35px;border:1px solid var(--cb-border);background:var(--cb-paper);color:var(--cb-ink);font-size:12px}#cb562 .cb-mode button:first-child{border-radius:4px 0 0 4px}#cb562 .cb-mode button:last-child{border-radius:0 4px 4px 0;border-left:0}#cb562 .cb-mode button[aria-pressed=true]{background:var(--cb-blue);color:white;border-color:var(--cb-blue)}#cb562 .cb-input-row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:110px minmax(0,1fr);align-items:center;gap:12px;margin:0 0 11px}#cb562 label{font:600 13px/1.5 Arial}#cb562 input{border:1px solid var(--cb-border);border-radius:4px;color:var(--cb-ink);background:var(--cb-paper);height:36px;min-width:0;width:100%;padding:6px 10px;font-size:14px}#cb562 input[aria-invalid=true]{border-color:#a83220}#cb562 .cb-power{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px}#cb562 .cb-power input{width:100px}#cb562 .cb-power span{font-size:11px;color:var(--cb-muted)}#cb562 .cb-help{font:11px/1.55 Arial;color:var(--cb-muted);margin:7px 0 12px}#cb562 .cb-error{font-size:12px;color:#a83220;line-height:1.5;margin:10px 0}#cb562 .cb-expression-preview{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:12px;margin:12px 0;border:1px solid var(--cb-border);border-radius:4px;background:var(--cb-soft);padding:10px 12px}#cb562 .cb-expression-preview>span{font-size:11px;flex-shrink:0}#cb562 .cb-expression-preview>div{font-size:23px;min-width:0;overflow-x:auto;padding:4px 0}#cb562 .cb-substitutions{border-top:1px solid var(--cb-border);padding-top:11px}#cb562 .cb-variables{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:10px 18px}#cb562 .cb-variables label{display:flex;gap:8px;align-items:center}#cb562 .cb-variables input{width:100%;height:33px;font-weight:400}#cb562 .cb-variables i{min-width:15px}#cb562 .cb-photo{margin:14px 0 8px}#cb562 .cb-photo-media{position:relative;overflow:hidden;border-radius:4px;background:white}#cb562 .cb-main-photo{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;aspect-ratio:433/151}#cb562 .cb-watermark{position:absolute;width:90px;max-width:30%;height:auto;right:12px;bottom:12px;opacity:.4;pointer-events:none}#cb562 figcaption,#cb562 .cb-caption{font:11px/1.55 Arial;color:var(--cb-muted);text-align:center;margin:7px 0 12px}#cb562 .cb-facts{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));border:1px solid var(--cb-border);border-radius:4px;padding:8px 0;margin-top:10px}#cb562 .cb-facts>div{text-align:center;min-width:0;padding:0 5px}#cb562 .cb-facts>div+div{border-left:1px solid var(--cb-border)}#cb562 .cb-facts span{font:10px Arial;color:var(--cb-muted);display:block}#cb562 .cb-facts strong{font-size:19px;display:block;overflow-wrap:anywhere}#cb562 .cb-results{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:12px;min-width:0}#cb562 .cb-primary{border:1px solid #96dfb2;border-radius:4px;background:linear-gradient(110deg,#e8ffef,#d0ffe1);padding:18px 15px;color:#082764;min-width:0}#cb562 .cb-primary .cb-heading h2{font-size:16px}#cb562 .cb-badge{font:10px/1.4 Arial;padding:4px 8px;border-radius:4px;background:#c2f5d9;color:#125637;white-space:nowrap}#cb562 .cb-original{font-size:32px;text-align:center;overflow-x:auto;padding:2px 0 10px}#cb562 .cb-expansion{font-size:22px;overflow-x:auto;padding:8px 0 14px;text-align:center}#cb562 math{font-family:'Cambria Math','STIX Two Math',serif;color:inherit;max-width:none}#cb562 math[display=block]{margin:0}#cb562 .cb-metrics{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,1fr);gap:10px;margin-top:10px}#cb562 .cb-metrics>div{min-width:0;text-align:center;padding:9px 7px;background:#ffffffc9;border:1px solid #bde4ce;border-radius:4px}#cb562 .cb-metrics span{font:11px/1.5 Arial;display:block;margin-bottom:5px}#cb562 .cb-metrics strong{font-size:26px;display:block;overflow-x:auto;padding:4px 0}#cb562 #bnRow{font:700 18px/1.5 'Cambria Math',serif;white-space:nowrap}#cb562 .cb-primary.invalid{background:var(--cb-soft);border-color:var(--cb-border);color:var(--cb-muted)}#cb562 .cb-primary.invalid .cb-metrics>div{border-color:var(--cb-border);background:var(--cb-paper)}#cb562 .cb-solution{border:0;border-top:1px solid var(--cb-border);border-bottom:1px solid var(--cb-border);padding:0;background:none;margin:0}#cb562 .cb-solution>summary{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:11px;list-style:none;padding:13px 0;cursor:pointer;color:var(--cb-muted);font:600 13px/1.5 Arial}#cb562 summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}#cb562 .cb-plus{display:inline-block;position:relative;width:16px;height:16px;flex-shrink:0}#cb562 .cb-plus::before,#cb562 .cb-plus::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#19c2c4;border-radius:1px}#cb562 .cb-plus::before{height:3px;left:1px;right:1px;top:6px}#cb562 .cb-plus::after{width:3px;top:1px;bottom:1px;left:6px}#cb562 .cb-solution[open] .cb-plus::after{display:none}#cb562 #bnSteps{font-size:12px;padding:6px 0 12px}#cb562 #bnSteps ol{padding-left:27px;margin:0}#cb562 #bnSteps li{padding-left:7px;margin-bottom:24px}#cb562 #bnSteps li::marker{font:700 13px Arial;color:var(--cb-muted)}#cb562 #bnSteps h3{font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8px}#cb562 #bnSteps p{font-size:12px;color:var(--cb-muted)}#cb562 #bnSteps math{font-size:20px;display:block;text-align:left;overflow-x:auto;padding:9px 0;margin:0 0 5px}#cb562 .cb-pascal,#cb562 .cb-table-panel{padding:15px;border:1px solid var(--cb-border);border-radius:4px;background:var(--cb-paper);min-width:0}#cb562 .cb-pascal .cb-heading>span{font-size:10px;color:var(--cb-muted);text-align:right}#cb562 .cb-triangle{overflow-x:auto;max-width:100%;padding:4px 0 8px}#cb562 .cb-triangle svg{display:block;width:100%;height:auto}#cb562 .cb-cell{cursor:pointer;outline:none}#cb562 .cb-cell rect{fill:var(--cb-soft);stroke:var(--cb-border);stroke-width:1}#cb562 .cb-cell text{text-anchor:middle;fill:var(--cb-ink);font:600 14px 'Cambria Math',serif;pointer-events:none}#cb562 .cb-cell.current rect{fill:#419bff;stroke:#2188fb}#cb562 .cb-cell.current text{fill:white}#cb562 .cb-cell.selected rect{fill:#0865ff;stroke:#0646ba}#cb562 .cb-cell:focus-visible rect,#cb562 .cb-cell:hover rect{stroke:#18bec6;stroke-width:2.5}#cb562 .cb-ellipsis{text-anchor:middle;fill:var(--cb-muted);font:22px Arial}#cb562 .cb-pascal-explanation{font:italic 15px/1.6 'Cambria Math',serif;text-align:center;overflow-wrap:anywhere;min-height:44px;padding-top:10px}#cb562 .cb-exports{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:12px;margin-top:16px}#cb562 .cb-exports button{background:var(--cb-paper);border:1px solid #99b9f5;border-radius:4px;min-height:42px;font:600 14px Arial;color:var(--cb-ink);padding:8px 12px}#cb562 #bnExportStatus:empty{display:none}#cb562 .cb-table-panel{margin:18px 0}#cb562 .cb-table-scroll{overflow-x:auto}#cb562 table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;min-width:480px;font-size:13px}#cb562 :is(th,td){border:1px solid var(--cb-border);padding:8px 10px;text-align:center;white-space:nowrap}#cb562 th{background:var(--cb-soft);font-size:11px;font-weight:600}#cb562 td{font-size:16px}#cb562 td:first-child button{border:0;background:none;color:var(--cb-ink);font-size:13px;min-width:30px;min-height:28px}#cb562 tr.selected td{background:#e0f0ff}#cb562 .cb-equals{font:12px Arial}#cb562 .cb-total{margin:12px 0 0;text-align:right;overflow-x:auto;font-size:17px}#cb562 .cb-learning{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,1fr);gap:16px;margin-bottom:23px;align-items:start}#cb562 .cb-knowledge,#cb562 .cb-faq{border:1px solid var(--cb-border);border-radius:4px;padding:15px;min-width:0;background:var(--cb-paper)}#cb562 .cb-knowledge p{font-size:12px;color:var(--cb-muted)}#cb562 .cb-rule{overflow-x:auto;font-size:21px;padding:8px 0 15px}#cb562 .cb-factorial{font:italic 19px/1.8 'Cambria Math',serif!important;color:var(--cb-ink)!important}#cb562 .cb-faq details{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;background:none}#cb562 .cb-faq summary{list-style:none;position:relative;cursor:pointer;padding:7px 0 7px 25px;font:600 12px/1.6 Arial;min-height:34px}#cb562 .cb-faq-item>summary::before,#cb562 .cb-faq-item>summary::after{content:'';position:absolute;background:#19c2c4;border-radius:1px}#cb562 .cb-faq-item>summary::before{left:0;top:15px;width:14px;height:3px}#cb562 .cb-faq-item>summary::after{left:5px;top:10px;height:13px;width:3px}#cb562 .cb-faq-item[open]>summary::after{display:none}#cb562 .cb-faq-item p{margin:3px 0 10px 25px;font-size:12px;color:var(--cb-muted)}#cb562 .cb-faq .cb-faq-more{margin-top:8px}#cb562 .cb-faq-more>summary{border:1px solid var(--cb-border);border-radius:4px;padding:7px 12px;background:var(--cb-soft);text-align:center;font-size:11px}#cb562 .cb-faq-more:not([open]) .cb-more-open,#cb562 .cb-faq-more[open] .cb-more-closed{display:none}#cb562 .cb-three{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:12px}#cb562 .cb-three>a{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;padding:10px;border:1px solid var(--cb-border);border-radius:4px;min-height:84px;min-width:0;color:var(--cb-ink);background:var(--cb-paper)}#cb562 .cb-three>a>span{min-width:0}#cb562 .cb-three strong{font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;display:block;margin-bottom:3px}#cb562 .cb-three small{font:11px/1.5 Arial;display:block;color:var(--cb-muted)}#cb562 .cb-sources img{width:88px;max-height:44px;object-fit:contain;flex-shrink:0;background:white;border-radius:2px;padding:4px}#cb562 .cb-related{margin-top:20px}#cb562 .cb-related-photo{width:90px;height:60px;flex-shrink:0}#cb562 #bnPascalPanel,#cb562 #bnTablePanel,#cb562 #bnSources,#cb562 #bnForm{scroll-margin-top:90px}
:is(html.st-master-dark,html.st-home-dark,html[data-theme=dark],html[data-st-admin-theme=dark],html.dark,body.dark) #cb562{--cb-ink:#dbe8ff;--cb-muted:#b2bfd1;--cb-border:#36475f;--cb-paper:#142136;--cb-soft:#1b2b44;--cb-blue:#9fc3ff}:is(html.st-master-dark,html.st-home-dark,html[data-theme=dark],html[data-st-admin-theme=dark],html.dark,body.dark) #cb562 .cb-notice{background:#192e47}:is(html.st-master-dark,html.st-home-dark,html[data-theme=dark],html[data-st-admin-theme=dark],html.dark,body.dark) #cb562 .cb-primary{background:linear-gradient(110deg,#143c36,#164a3d);border-color:#2f846b;color:#dbe8ff}:is(html.st-master-dark,html.st-home-dark,html[data-theme=dark],html[data-st-admin-theme=dark],html.dark,body.dark) #cb562 .cb-metrics>div{background:#173c36;border-color:#347561}:is(html.st-master-dark,html.st-home-dark,html[data-theme=dark],html[data-st-admin-theme=dark],html.dark,body.dark) #cb562 .cb-badge{background:#235e4b;color:#c8ffe4}:is(html.st-master-dark,html.st-home-dark,html[data-theme=dark],html[data-st-admin-theme=dark],html.dark,body.dark) #cb562 tr.selected td{background:#1c3d60}:is(html.st-master-dark,html.st-home-dark,html[data-theme=dark],html[data-st-admin-theme=dark],html.dark,body.dark) #cb562 .cb-mode button[aria-pressed=true]{background:#0865ff;color:white}:is(html.st-master-dark,html.st-home-dark,html[data-theme=dark],html[data-st-admin-theme=dark],html.dark,body.dark) #cb562 .cb-error{color:#ffb8ab}:is(html.st-master-dark,html.st-home-dark,html[data-theme=dark],html[data-st-admin-theme=dark],html.dark,body.dark) #cb562 .cb-primary.invalid{background:var(--cb-soft);border-color:var(--cb-border);color:var(--cb-muted)}
@media(max-width:950px){#cb562 .cb-heroes button{gap:9px}#cb562 .cb-heroes strong{font-size:12px}#cb562 .cb-heroes small{font-size:11px}#cb562 .cb-badge{white-space:normal;text-align:right}#cb562 .cb-input-row{grid-template-columns:95px minmax(0,1fr)}#cb562 .cb-power{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:3px}#cb562 .cb-three{grid-template-columns:1fr}#cb562 .cb-three>a{min-height:74px}}
@media(max-width:700px){#cb562 .cb-workspace,#cb562 .cb-learning{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}#cb562 .cb-heroes{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);gap:8px}#cb562 .cb-heroes button{min-height:78px;padding:6px 10px;gap:16px}#cb562 .cb-hero-photo{width:100px;height:66px}#cb562 .cb-heroes strong{font-size:14px}#cb562 .cb-heroes small{font-size:12px}#cb562 .cb-notice{padding:11px 12px;gap:12px}#cb562 .cb-panel{padding:15px}#cb562 .cb-watermark{width:78px;right:10px;bottom:10px}#cb562 .cb-power{flex-wrap:nowrap;gap:10px}#cb562 .cb-original{font-size:29px}#cb562 .cb-expansion{font-size:21px}#cb562 .cb-metrics strong{font-size:23px}#cb562 .cb-primary .cb-heading h2{font-size:15px}#cb562 .cb-exports button{font-size:12px}#cb562 #bnSteps math{font-size:19px}#cb562 .cb-variables{gap:10px}#cb562 .cb-badge{max-width:110px}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){#cb562 *{scroll-behavior:auto!important;transition:none!important}}

/* W561 — exact page header scale and spacing from the live Volume reference. */
#st334Content:has(#cb562){width:86.5%;max-width:1120px;padding-left:0;padding-right:0}
#st334Content:has(#cb562)>h1{font:700 32px/1.25 Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:-.8px;color:#09094b;margin:0 0 4px}
#cb562 .cb-intro{font:400 18px/1.45 Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#09094b;margin:2px 0 15px}
:is(html.st-master-dark,html.st-home-dark,html[data-theme=dark],html[data-st-admin-theme=dark],html.dark,body.dark) #st334Content:has(#cb562)>h1,
:is(html.st-master-dark,html.st-home-dark,html[data-theme=dark],html[data-st-admin-theme=dark],html.dark,body.dark) #cb562 .cb-intro{color:#e3ecff}
@media(max-width:850px){#st334Content:has(#cb562){width:calc(100% - 28px)}}
@media(max-width:700px){#st334Content:has(#cb562)>h1{font-size:27px}}
@media(max-width:600px){#cb562 .cb-intro{font-size:15px}}
#cb562 .cb-switch{display:grid;grid-template-columns:42% 58%;padding:0;border:0;margin:0 0 10px;min-width:0}#cb562 .cb-switch legend{float:left;font:600 12px/35px Arial;width:42%}#cb562 .cb-switch .cb-mode{margin:0;grid-column:2}#cb562 .cb-divider{border-top:1px solid var(--cb-border);padding-top:12px}#cb562 .cb-tip{background:var(--cb-soft);border:1px solid var(--cb-border);padding:6px 10px;font-size:12px}#cb562 .cb-diagram{border:1px solid var(--cb-border);padding:8px;text-align:center}#cb562 .cb-diagram p{font-weight:700;font-size:13px;margin:0}#cb562 .cb-diagram svg{width:100%;max-height:200px;display:block}#cb562 .cb-diagram :is(circle,rect){fill:var(--cb-paper);stroke:var(--cb-blue);stroke-width:1.5}#cb562 .cb-diagram text{fill:var(--cb-ink);font:700 15px Arial;text-anchor:middle}#cb562 .cb-diagram small{font-size:10px;color:var(--cb-muted)}#cb562 .cb-main-photo{width:100%;aspect-ratio:3.03;object-fit:cover;display:block}#cb562 .cb-reset-row{text-align:right}#cb562 .cb-primary{padding:16px;text-align:center}#cb562 .cb-primary h2{text-align:left}#cb562 .cb-operation{font-size:12px;font-weight:700}#cb562 .cb-big{font-size:40px;line-height:1.3;font-weight:700;overflow:auto;white-space:nowrap;margin:5px 0 12px}#cb562 .cb-math{overflow:auto;white-space:nowrap;font-size:22px;padding:5px 0}#cb562 math{font-family:'Cambria Math','STIX Two Math',serif}#cb562 .cb-comparison{border:1px solid var(--cb-border);border-radius:4px;padding:10px;margin:10px 0;text-align:center;background:var(--cb-paper)}#cb562 .cb-comparison h3{margin:0;text-align:left;font-size:14px}#cb562 .cb-comparison strong{display:block;font-size:30px;overflow:auto;white-space:nowrap}#cb562 .cb-comparison .cb-math{font-size:18px}#cb562 .cb-extra{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:8px;margin-bottom:10px}#cb562 .cb-extra>div,#cb562 .cb-extra>button{background:var(--cb-paper);border:1px solid var(--cb-border);border-radius:4px;text-align:center;padding:8px;color:var(--cb-ink);min-width:0}#cb562 .cb-extra span,#cb562 .cb-extra small{display:block;font:11px/1.5 Arial}#cb562 .cb-extra strong{display:block;overflow:auto;white-space:nowrap;font:700 20px/1.6 Arial}#cb562 .cb-matrix{width:100%;border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:4px;table-layout:fixed}#cb562 .cb-matrix th{background:var(--cb-soft);font-size:12px;padding:8px}#cb562 .cb-matrix td{padding:0}#cb562 .cb-matrix td button{width:100%;min-height:74px;background:var(--cb-paper);border:1px solid var(--cb-border);color:var(--cb-ink);border-radius:3px;padding:6px;overflow:auto}#cb562 .cb-matrix b,#cb562 .cb-matrix span{display:block;font-size:12px}#cb562 .cb-matrix math{font-size:17px;white-space:nowrap}#cb562 [data-cb-select][aria-pressed=true]{border-color:var(--cb-blue);box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px var(--cb-blue);background:var(--cb-soft)}#cb562 .cb-derangement{width:100%;border:1px solid var(--cb-border);border-radius:3px;color:var(--cb-ink);background:var(--cb-soft);padding:7px;margin-top:8px;white-space:nowrap;overflow:auto;text-align:left;font:12px Arial}#cb562 .cb-orders{display:flex;gap:12px;justify-content:space-around;margin:16px 0}#cb562 .cb-orders span{letter-spacing:6px;border:1px solid var(--cb-blue);padding:4px 6px;border-radius:20px}#cb562 .cb-step{padding:12px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--cb-border);overflow:auto;overflow-wrap:anywhere}#cb562 .cb-step h3{font-size:13px;margin:0 0 8px}#cb562 .cb-step math{font-size:20px;white-space:nowrap}#cb562 .cb-step>div{font-size:13px}#cb562 .cb-related-photo{object-fit:cover}#cb562 .cb-sources img{object-fit:contain}#cb562 .cb-results{min-width:0}#cb562 .cb-matrix-scroll{overflow:auto}#cb562 .cb-solution summary{cursor:pointer}
@media(max-width:600px){#cb562 .cb-extra strong{font-size:16px}#cb562 .cb-matrix{min-width:440px}#cb562 .cb-heroes button{gap:6px}#cb562 .cb-orders{gap:4px}#cb562 .cb-orders span{letter-spacing:3px}#cb562 .cb-switch legend{font-size:11px}#cb562 .cb-big{font-size:34px}}