Winter's Formula Calculator
Result
Expected pCO226
Low24
High28
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Winter's Formula Calculator — free online calculator.
Formula
Expected pCO₂ = 1.5 × HCO₃⁻ + 8 (± 2)
- Winter's Formula Calculator calculates its result from Bicarbonate (mEq/L). It uses the formula Expected pCO₂ = 1.5 × HCO₃⁻ + 8 (± 2). Change any input to recalculate the result instantly. This is an informational calculation and is not medical advice.
- The main inputs are Bicarbonate. Enter them in the units and format shown in the calculator.
- Use the measurement units shown beside each field. The result is an estimate and should be interpreted in context.
- Changing any input above recalculates the result with the same calculation engine used by this page.
Example: Winter's Formula
Inputs
- Bicarbonate: 12 mEq/L
Using Bicarbonate (mEq/L) = 12, the calculated result is Expected pCO2: 26 | Low: 24 | High: 28.
Sample result: Calculating…
Frequently asked questions
What does the Winter's Formula calculate?
Winter's Formula Calculator — free online calculator.
Which values should I enter?
Enter Bicarbonate using the units and format shown beside each field.
What formula does this calculator use?
The calculator uses the following relationship: Expected pCO₂ = 1.5 × HCO₃⁻ + 8 (± 2).
Why might my result differ from another source?
Results can differ because measurement methods, rounding and assumptions vary. This calculator is an estimate and is not a medical diagnosis.
Does the result update automatically?
Yes. Changing an input updates the result using the same calculation engine shown on this page.